![]() It’s also important to know who funded the study, as this can affect the findings. This means that other experts have checked the results. It’s important to see if a study is published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Where is the study published and who funded it?.For example, if a study is looking at air pollution and lung cancer, it should also look at whether participants smoked. Studies should take known risk factors into account. There are lots of factors that can affect someone’s risk of cancer. Did the study account for other factors that could affect someone’s cancer risk?.So we mainly look at studies that follow thousands of people over many years. And studies that only follow people for a short amount of time can miss long-term effects. ![]() Studies on small numbers of people aren’t as reliable, because results are more likely to happen by chance. How big is the study and how long did it go on for?.Studies in animals and cells can help scientists understand how cancer works, but they can’t always tell us how it’s relevant to humans. Did the study look at cells, animals or people?.These are some of the things we consider: Some studies are better than others at telling us about how different factors affect cancer risk. So, although new research comes out all the time, it is unlikely that one new study would change our position on a topic. We develop our information by looking at lots of research carried out over many years. We regularly review new research on the causes of cancer to make sure our information is up to date and based on the best quality evidence. For the best chance of quitting, get support from a free, local stop smoking service, who can help you find the right tools for you. Children and people who haven’t smoked shouldn’t use them.īut research so far shows that vaping with legal e-cigarettes is less harmful than smoking, and can help people to stop smoking. So, e-liquids sold in the UK shouldn’t contain diacetyl.Īnd there have been no confirmed cases of popcorn lung linked to e-cigarettes.Į-cigarettes are a relatively new product – they aren’t risk-free and we don’t yet know their long-term impact. In the UK, diacetyl was banned in e-cigarette liquids under the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016. This led to the idea that e-cigarettes might cause popcorn lung. Some of the liquids in e-cigarettes used to contain diacetyl. What does the evidence really say about diacetyl and e-cigarettes? Or after breathing in chemicals that irritate the lungs and cause damage. For example, it can happen after an infection, if it damages the lungs. It was not related to use of e-cigarettes.Īlthough bronchiolitis obliterans is sometimes called ‘popcorn lung’, it can be caused by a number of different things. They had breathed in diacetyl, as it was used as a flavouring in the popcorn. More research is needed to find out if they’re connected.Ī group of popcorn factory workers developed the condition, leading to the name ‘popcorn lung’. It’s caused by a build-up of scar tissue in the lungs, which blocks the flow of air.Ī possible link has been suggested between the disease and a chemical called diacetyl. Popcorn lung (bronchiolitis obliterans) is an uncommon type of lung disease, but it is not cancer.
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